Understanding the Word
By Dianne Bergant, C.S.A.
The external manifestations that accompanied the outpouring of the Spirit at the time of Pentecost were all phenomena associated with a theophany or experience of God. As those in the room were filled with the Spirit, they began to speak in other languages, a feat that could only have supernatural origin. Because the Galileans spoke in tongues and those in the crowd heard them in their own speech, some commentators maintain that there was a miracle in hearing as well as in speaking. The exact nature of this marvel is less significant than is its meaning. It was clearly a manifestation of the universal presence and power of the Spirit. “Lord” (Kyrios) was the official title of the Roman emperor. Thus, to proclaim Jesus as Lord was to set up a rivalry between Jesus and the ruling political authority. “Lord” is also the substitute, in the Septuagint or Greek version of the Old Testament, for God’s personal name. Paul compares the diversity within the community to the complexity of the human body. Each part has its own unique function, but all parts work for the good of the whole. This metaphor portrays unity in diversity that is far from uniformity. It also underscores the lack of competition among members. Finally, it points up the interdependence that exists within the community. This Gospel account treats the Resurrection and the bestowal of the Spirit as occurring on the same day. Jesus’ wish of peace is a prayer for the eschatological blessings of health, prosperity, and all good things. The image of breathing life into another is reminiscent of the creation of Adam (see Genesis 2:7) and the restoration of Israel after the Exile (see Ezekiel 37:9). By breathing in this way, the risen Lord portrays himself as one who can create or re-create. The disciples are commissioned to go forth, to declare salvation and judgment. With the bestowal of the Spirit, they are authorized to continue the mission of Jesus.