Scripture Study for
Thirtieth Sunday in Ordinary Time
Exodus 22:20–26 / Psalm 18:2 / 1 Thessalonians 1:5c–10 / Matthew 22:34–40
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Understanding the Word
By Br. John R. Barker, OFM
Having delivered Israel from Egypt, God now sets forth the expectations of the covenantal relationship. Chief among them is a concern for the vulnerable, especially, but not only, aliens (non-Israelites residing on Israelite land), widows, and orphans (that is, children without fathers). Without an adult male Israelite relation to defend them, these people were particularly vulnerable to injustice and fraud. The poor in general were also subject to manipulation and exploitation. In Israel God is creating a just, compassionate society that reflects the divine character by ensuring that the defenseless are protected. The disturbing threat of sword and “poetic justice” for those who abuse widows and orphans emphasizes the strength of divine concern for them.
Despite “great affliction” the Thessalonians have persevered in imitating Paul, who in turn has imitated Christ. The gospel has transformed their entire worldview, and their new lives of faith have been such that others have observed and been edified as they spread the gospel not only in words but through their example. The gospel, which had been received “in power . . . with much conviction” has brought joy, hope, and conversion to the Thessalonians. This transformation is part of the content of their witness to the gospel; they have become “a model for all believers.” This, despite, or perhaps because of, the “great affliction” that they have nevertheless endured with “joy from the Holy Spirit.”
The question put to Jesus about the greatest commandment is presented as a test, although we are not told in what the test consists. We know that there was a tradition of pointing toward certain commandments as in effect summing up all of the Law and the prophets. Therefore Jesus’ response by quoting first Deuteronomy 6:5 and then Leviticus 19:18 would probably not have been controversial, and indeed he receives no rebuttal from the Pharisees. It is interesting to note that the second commandment is “like” the first in that they both command “love,” understood in the biblical sense not as an emotion so much as a committed stance. For God, it means devotion and wholehearted commitment. For neighbor, it means commitment to their good, and seeking to help them when they need it.